Merry Christmas!
Pete's Holiday Wish Lists for 2015
People have asked, so here it is for your Holiday shopping convinience:
How to download all the RHEL7 docs
You can easily download all of the available Red Hat Enterprise Linux
7 Documentation (in PDF format) from a BASH prompt, by using the
following command line:
This is very handy when you are studying for RHEL 7 Certification (RHCSA/RHCE). All the answers to the test are in these docs... :-)
curl -s
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/ |
grep -o '[^"]*Linux/7/pdf[^"]*' | xargs -I{} wget
https://access.redhat.com{}This is very handy when you are studying for RHEL 7 Certification (RHCSA/RHCE). All the answers to the test are in these docs... :-)
Official RHEL7 Information
Here's a list of links to Official Red Hat Enterprise Linux information:
- Red Hat website provides the official documentation*,
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux blog gives general information,
- Red Hat Developer blog offers information to developers,
- Red Hat Community blog communicates about general events,
- Red Hat Security blog talks about security,
- Red Hat Storage blog discusses storage topics (Big Data, Ceph, GlusterFS, etc),
- Red Hat Services blog provides information for IT professionals,
- Red Hat customer portal provides a place for discussions on technical topics,
- Red Hat Certified Professionals Facebook account gives information about trainings and certifications,
- Red Hat LinkedIn group is a place to meet other Red Hat Certified Professionals,
- CentOS 7 blog offers the last news about CentOS 7,
- Oracle Linux provides an Administrator’s Guide for Release 7,
- Red Hat offers a RHEL 7 Network Performance Tuning Guide and a RHEL 7 Real-Time Installation Guide.
RHEL 7 Reference Cards
Red Hat provides these quick reference PDF files for their Red Hat Enterprise Linux products:
- Red Hat Systemd cheat sheet, Linoxide Systemd cheat sheet,
- Red Hat ip command cheat sheet,
- Red Hat yum command cheat sheet,
- RHEL 5/6/7 cheat sheet, RHEL 5/6/7 common administrative commands.
How to delete blank rows in MS Excel
How to quickly and easily delete all blank rows from an Excel Spreadsheet:
http://www.howtogeek.com/206696/how-to-quickly-and-easily-delete-blank-rows-and-columns-in-excel-2013/
http://www.howtogeek.com/206696/how-to-quickly-and-easily-delete-blank-rows-and-columns-in-excel-2013/
How to write a shell script to ensure only one instance of the script runs for each user.
In a BASH Script:
Start by determining a name for the lock file. In this case, the lock file is generated by suffixing a common name with the username of the current user. Then, check if the lock file exists and if the PID contained within the lock file is running. If it is, exit with a message.
Create a trap to remove the lock file on a clean exit, or unclean exits (any exit with the signal
LOCKFILE=/tmp/lock-`whoami`
if [ -e ${LOCKFILE} ] && kill -0 `cat ${LOCKFILE}`; then
echo "Already running!"
exit 1
fi
trap "rm -f ${LOCKFILE}; exit" INT TERM EXIT
echo $$ > ${LOCKFILE}
Start by determining a name for the lock file. In this case, the lock file is generated by suffixing a common name with the username of the current user. Then, check if the lock file exists and if the PID contained within the lock file is running. If it is, exit with a message.
Create a trap to remove the lock file on a clean exit, or unclean exits (any exit with the signal
INT or TERM). Finally, if the script has not exited yet, create the lock file, and store the PID of the current process ($$) in it.
How to create a custom Linux man page and deploy it as a rpm file
Knowing how to create and deploy your own Linux man pages can make documentation a lot easier to access for your users and co-workers. Here is a process that you can use to make a man page, install it, and even deploy it via a gpg-signed rpm file. In the following examples, I am using a Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 server, and I am logged in as an unprivileged userid (pete). You can also follow this example on CentOS or Fedora.
Create a man page
Using your favorite text editor, create your man page text file. See man 7 mdoc for
information on how the markup language shown in the following example works:
.\" Manpage for Pete.
.\" Contact pete@email.com to correct errors or typos.
.TH man 1 "29 April 2015" "1.0" "Pete Man Page"
.SH NAME
pete \- Professional Linux Geek
.SH SYNOPSIS
Pete is a Linux Geek who lives in Pennsylvania USA
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
Pete Vargas Mas
.br
RHCE, MCITP, MCSA, MCTS, Linux+, LPIC-2
.br
Professional Linux Geek
.br
Cell Phone: (+1) 515-555-1212
.br
E-mail: pete@email.com
.PP
.SH OPTIONS
Pete does like Starbucks Venti Skinny Cinnamon Dolce Latte no-whip…hint…
.SH SEE ALSO
Minion(8), Minion(8), Minion(8)
.SH BUGS
No known bugs this week.
.SH AUTHOR
Pete Vargas Mas (pete@email.com)
I created the above file in my home directory (/home/pete), and named the file pete.1 .
At this point, you can view the formatted man page using the command: man ./pete.1
Remember, the man 7 mdoc command will display a page that describes all the macros
you can use when creating a man page.
Install the MAN Page
From the command line:
install –g 0 –o 0 –m 0644 pete.1 /usr/local/man/man8/
gzip /usr/local/man/man8/pete.1
Now you should be able to view your manpage using: man pete
How to prepare the custom man page for installation via RPM
If you don’t have an environment for building custom RPM files, then do this in your home directory:
sudo yum install rpm-build rpm-devel rpmdevtools rpmdev-setuptree
rpmdev-setuptree
echo “%_sourcedir %{_topdir}/SOURCES/%{name}-%{version}” >> ~/.rpmmacros
Now you can create a skeleton spec file:
cd ~/rpmbuild/SPECS
rpmdev-newspec pete.spec
Create the source tar ball in the SOURCES/ directory, using the previously created pete.1.gz file:
cd ../SOURCES
mkdir –p pete-1.0/
cp /usr/local/man/man8/pete.1.gz pete-1.0/
tar cvzf pete-1.0.tar.gz ./pete-1.0/
mv pete-1.0.tar.gz ./pete-1.0/
cd ../SPECS
Edit the spec file:
Use your favorite text editor to edit the spec file shell created earlier:
vi pete.spec
Here’s an example of what my spec file looks like:
Name: pete
Version: 1.0
Release: 1%{?dist}
Summary: Pete Documentation
Group: Testing
License: GPL
Source0: %{name}-%{version}.tar.gz
BuildArch: noarch
Vendor: VargasMas Consulting
Packager: Pete Vargas Mas
%description
This is a test. We are trying to install a
sysadmin generated man page from a rpm file.
Just to prove we can.
%prep
%setup -q
%build
%install
mkdir -p $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/usr/share/man/man8
install pete.1.gz $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/usr/share/man/man8
%clean
rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT
%files
%defattr(-,root,root,-)
/usr/share/man/man8/pete.1.gz
%changelog
* Wed Apr 29 2015 -
- Initial build.
Now save your spec file and create the rpm file:
rpmbuild –ba pete.spec
Look in the ../RPMS/noarch/ directory for your newly created rpm file!
Can we sign our RPM with a GPG Key?
Yes we can! You can use an existing gpg key pair to sign your rpm file.
If you don’t already have a gpg key pair, we can create one as shown in the following example:
[pete@linuxserver ~]$ mkdir ~/.gnupg
[pete@linuxserver ~]$ gpg --gen-key
gpg (GnuPG) 2.0.14; Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Please select what kind of key you want:
(1) RSA and RSA (default)
(2) DSA and Elgamal
(3) DSA (sign only)
(4) RSA (sign only)
Your selection? 1
RSA keys may be between 1024 and 4096 bits long.
What keysize do you want? (2048)
Requested keysize is 2048 bits
Please specify how long the key should be valid.
0 = key does not expire
= key expires in n days
w = key expires in n weeks
m = key expires in n months
y = key expires in n years
Key is valid for? (0) 1y
Key expires at Thu 28 Apr 2016 11:24:48 AM EDT
Is this correct? (y/N) y
GnuPG needs to construct a user ID to identify your key.
Real name: Pete Vargas Mas
Email address: pete@email.com
Comment: Pete's RPM Signing Key
You selected this USER-ID:
"Pete Vargas Mas (Pete's RPM Signing Key)"
Change (N)ame, (C)omment, (E)mail or (O)kay/(Q)uit? o
You need a Passphrase to protect your secret key.
(At this point, you will enter a passphrase...)
can't connect to `/home/pete/.gnupg/S.gpg-agent': No such file or directory
gpg-agent[30638]: directory `/home/pete/.gnupg/private-keys-v1.d' created
We need to generate a lot of random bytes. It is a good idea to perform
some other action (type on the keyboard, move the mouse, utilize the
disks) during the prime generation; this gives the random number
generator a better chance to gain enough entropy.
gpg: /home/pete/.gnupg/trustdb.gpg: trustdb created
gpg: key 13B81880 marked as ultimately trusted
public and secret key created and signed.
gpg: checking the trustdb
gpg: 3 marginal(s) needed, 1 complete(s) needed, PGP trust model
gpg: depth: 0 valid: 1 signed: 0 trust: 0-, 0q, 0n, 0m, 0f, 1u
gpg: next trustdb check due at 2016-04-28
pub 2048R/13B81880 2015-04-29 [expires: 2016-04-28]
Key fingerprint = 0BE5 04F4 86EA 43A3 740B 24CC 88D7 94E0 13B8 1880
uid Pete Vargas Mas (Pete's RPM Signing Key)
sub 2048R/48AE8EB3 2015-04-29 [expires: 2016-04-28]
[pete@linuxserver ~]$
You can list all your gpg keys and see the new key:
[pete@linuxserver ~]$ gpg --list-keys
/home/pete/.gnupg/pubring.gpg
---------------------------------
pub 2048R/13B81880 2015-04-29 [expires: 2016-04-28]
uid Pete Vargas Mas (Pete's RPM Signing Key)
sub 2048R/48AE8EB3 2015-04-29 [expires: 2016-04-28]
[pete@linuxserver ~]$
Now export the GPG key to a file, by specifying the uid of the key to export:
[pete@linuxserver ~]$ gpg --export -a 'Pete Vargas Mas' > RPM-GPG-KEY-PeteVargasMas
Import the GPG key into the rpm keyring:
[pete@linuxserver ~]$ sudo rpm --import RPM-GPG-KEY-PeteVargasMas
Check that rpm is aware of your gpg key:
[pete@linuxserver ~]$ rpm -q gpg-pubkey --qf '%{name}-%{version}-%{release} --> %{summary}\n'
…
gpg-pubkey-0608b895-4bd22942 --> gpg(EPEL (6))
gpg-pubkey-13b81880-5880f80a --> gpg(Pete Vargas Mas (Pete's RPM Signing Key))
…
Add the following two lines to the bottom of your ~/.rpmmacros file:
%_signature gpg
%_gpg_name Pete Vargas Mas
This will tell the rpmbuild command (that we’ll be using later) which users gpg key to use for signing.
Now we can use the RPM command to sign our rpm file with the GPG Key:
[pete@linuxserver ~]$ rpm --addsign rpmbuild/RPMS/noarch/pete-1.0-1.el6.noarch.rpm
Enter pass phrase:
Pass phrase is good.
rpmbuild/RPMS/noarch/pete-1.0-1.el6.noarch.rpm:
[pete@linuxserver ~]$
To verify that we have a signed rpm file, use the “rpm –qpi” command as in the following example:
[pete@linuxserver ~]$ rpm -qpi rpmbuild/RPMS/noarch/pete-1.0-1.el6.noarch.rpm
Name : pete Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version : 1.0 Vendor:
Release : 1.el6 Build Date: Wed 29 Apr 2015 10:40:48 AM EDT
Install Date: (not installed) Build Host: linuxserver.vargasmas.com
Group : Testing Source RPM: pete-1.0-1.el6.src.rpm
Size : 494 License: GPL
Signature : RSA/SHA1, Wed 29 Apr 2015 11:37:27 AM EDT, Key ID 88d784e013b81880
Packager : Pete Vargas Mas
Summary : Pete Documentation
Description :
This is a test. We are trying to install a
sysadmin generated man page from a rpm file.
Just to prove we can.
[pete@linuxserver ~]$
Now you can install your custom RPM file using yum:
[pete@linuxserver ~]$ sudo yum localinstall /home/pete/rpmbuild/RPMS/noarch/pete-1.0-1.el6.noarch.rpm
Loaded plugins: downloadonly, rhnplugin, security
Setting up Local Package Process
Examining /home/pete/rpmbuild/RPMS/noarch/pete-1.0-1.el6.noarch.rpm: pete-1.0-1.el6.noarch
Marking /home/pete/rpmbuild/RPMS/noarch/pete-1.0-1.el6.noarch.rpm to be installed
rhel-x86_64-server-6 | 1.5 kB 00:00
rhel-x86_64-server-optional-6 | 1.5 kB 00:00
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pete.noarch 0:1.0-1.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=====================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=====================================================================================================================================
Installing:
pete noarch 1.0-1.el6 /pete-1.0-1.el6.noarch 494
Transaction Summary
=====================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)
Total size: 494
Installed size: 494
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : pete-1.0-1.el6.noarch 1/1
Verifying : pete-1.0-1.el6.noarch 1/1
Installed:
pete.noarch 0:1.0-1.el6
Complete!
[pete@linuxserver ~]$
If you want to distribute your rpm file to the public, you will need to sign your rpm with a gpg key that has been uploaded to a public keyserver (that’s a separate article!), or give the recipient a copy of your PUBLIC gpg key (the RPM-GPG-KEY-PeteVargasMas I created earlier) so they can verify the rpm file on their own.
Create a man page
Using your favorite text editor, create your man page text file. See man 7 mdoc for
information on how the markup language shown in the following example works:
.\" Manpage for Pete.
.\" Contact pete@email.com to correct errors or typos.
.TH man 1 "29 April 2015" "1.0" "Pete Man Page"
.SH NAME
pete \- Professional Linux Geek
.SH SYNOPSIS
Pete is a Linux Geek who lives in Pennsylvania USA
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
Pete Vargas Mas
.br
RHCE, MCITP, MCSA, MCTS, Linux+, LPIC-2
.br
Professional Linux Geek
.br
Cell Phone: (+1) 515-555-1212
.br
E-mail: pete@email.com
.PP
.SH OPTIONS
Pete does like Starbucks Venti Skinny Cinnamon Dolce Latte no-whip…hint…
.SH SEE ALSO
Minion(8), Minion(8), Minion(8)
.SH BUGS
No known bugs this week.
.SH AUTHOR
Pete Vargas Mas (pete@email.com)
I created the above file in my home directory (/home/pete), and named the file pete.1 .
At this point, you can view the formatted man page using the command: man ./pete.1
Remember, the man 7 mdoc command will display a page that describes all the macros
you can use when creating a man page.
Install the MAN Page
From the command line:
install –g 0 –o 0 –m 0644 pete.1 /usr/local/man/man8/
gzip /usr/local/man/man8/pete.1
Now you should be able to view your manpage using: man pete
How to prepare the custom man page for installation via RPM
If you don’t have an environment for building custom RPM files, then do this in your home directory:
sudo yum install rpm-build rpm-devel rpmdevtools rpmdev-setuptree
rpmdev-setuptree
echo “%_sourcedir %{_topdir}/SOURCES/%{name}-%{version}” >> ~/.rpmmacros
Now you can create a skeleton spec file:
cd ~/rpmbuild/SPECS
rpmdev-newspec pete.spec
Create the source tar ball in the SOURCES/ directory, using the previously created pete.1.gz file:
cd ../SOURCES
mkdir –p pete-1.0/
cp /usr/local/man/man8/pete.1.gz pete-1.0/
tar cvzf pete-1.0.tar.gz ./pete-1.0/
mv pete-1.0.tar.gz ./pete-1.0/
cd ../SPECS
Edit the spec file:
Use your favorite text editor to edit the spec file shell created earlier:
vi pete.spec
Here’s an example of what my spec file looks like:
Name: pete
Version: 1.0
Release: 1%{?dist}
Summary: Pete Documentation
Group: Testing
License: GPL
Source0: %{name}-%{version}.tar.gz
BuildArch: noarch
Vendor: VargasMas Consulting
Packager: Pete Vargas Mas
%description
This is a test. We are trying to install a
sysadmin generated man page from a rpm file.
Just to prove we can.
%prep
%setup -q
%build
%install
mkdir -p $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/usr/share/man/man8
install pete.1.gz $RPM_BUILD_ROOT/usr/share/man/man8
%clean
rm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT
%files
%defattr(-,root,root,-)
/usr/share/man/man8/pete.1.gz
%changelog
* Wed Apr 29 2015
- Initial build.
Now save your spec file and create the rpm file:
rpmbuild –ba pete.spec
Look in the ../RPMS/noarch/ directory for your newly created rpm file!
Can we sign our RPM with a GPG Key?
Yes we can! You can use an existing gpg key pair to sign your rpm file.
If you don’t already have a gpg key pair, we can create one as shown in the following example:
[pete@linuxserver ~]$ mkdir ~/.gnupg
[pete@linuxserver ~]$ gpg --gen-key
gpg (GnuPG) 2.0.14; Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Please select what kind of key you want:
(1) RSA and RSA (default)
(2) DSA and Elgamal
(3) DSA (sign only)
(4) RSA (sign only)
Your selection? 1
RSA keys may be between 1024 and 4096 bits long.
What keysize do you want? (2048)
Requested keysize is 2048 bits
Please specify how long the key should be valid.
0 = key does not expire
Key is valid for? (0) 1y
Key expires at Thu 28 Apr 2016 11:24:48 AM EDT
Is this correct? (y/N) y
GnuPG needs to construct a user ID to identify your key.
Real name: Pete Vargas Mas
Email address: pete@email.com
Comment: Pete's RPM Signing Key
You selected this USER-ID:
"Pete Vargas Mas (Pete's RPM Signing Key)
Change (N)ame, (C)omment, (E)mail or (O)kay/(Q)uit? o
You need a Passphrase to protect your secret key.
(At this point, you will enter a passphrase...)
can't connect to `/home/pete/.gnupg/S.gpg-agent': No such file or directory
gpg-agent[30638]: directory `/home/pete/.gnupg/private-keys-v1.d' created
We need to generate a lot of random bytes. It is a good idea to perform
some other action (type on the keyboard, move the mouse, utilize the
disks) during the prime generation; this gives the random number
generator a better chance to gain enough entropy.
gpg: /home/pete/.gnupg/trustdb.gpg: trustdb created
gpg: key 13B81880 marked as ultimately trusted
public and secret key created and signed.
gpg: checking the trustdb
gpg: 3 marginal(s) needed, 1 complete(s) needed, PGP trust model
gpg: depth: 0 valid: 1 signed: 0 trust: 0-, 0q, 0n, 0m, 0f, 1u
gpg: next trustdb check due at 2016-04-28
pub 2048R/13B81880 2015-04-29 [expires: 2016-04-28]
Key fingerprint = 0BE5 04F4 86EA 43A3 740B 24CC 88D7 94E0 13B8 1880
uid Pete Vargas Mas (Pete's RPM Signing Key)
sub 2048R/48AE8EB3 2015-04-29 [expires: 2016-04-28]
[pete@linuxserver ~]$
You can list all your gpg keys and see the new key:
[pete@linuxserver ~]$ gpg --list-keys
/home/pete/.gnupg/pubring.gpg
---------------------------------
pub 2048R/13B81880 2015-04-29 [expires: 2016-04-28]
uid Pete Vargas Mas (Pete's RPM Signing Key)
sub 2048R/48AE8EB3 2015-04-29 [expires: 2016-04-28]
[pete@linuxserver ~]$
Now export the GPG key to a file, by specifying the uid of the key to export:
[pete@linuxserver ~]$ gpg --export -a 'Pete Vargas Mas' > RPM-GPG-KEY-PeteVargasMas
Import the GPG key into the rpm keyring:
[pete@linuxserver ~]$ sudo rpm --import RPM-GPG-KEY-PeteVargasMas
Check that rpm is aware of your gpg key:
[pete@linuxserver ~]$ rpm -q gpg-pubkey --qf '%{name}-%{version}-%{release} --> %{summary}\n'
…
gpg-pubkey-0608b895-4bd22942 --> gpg(EPEL (6)
gpg-pubkey-13b81880-5880f80a --> gpg(Pete Vargas Mas (Pete's RPM Signing Key)
…
Add the following two lines to the bottom of your ~/.rpmmacros file:
%_signature gpg
%_gpg_name Pete Vargas Mas
This will tell the rpmbuild command (that we’ll be using later) which users gpg key to use for signing.
Now we can use the RPM command to sign our rpm file with the GPG Key:
[pete@linuxserver ~]$ rpm --addsign rpmbuild/RPMS/noarch/pete-1.0-1.el6.noarch.rpm
Enter pass phrase:
Pass phrase is good.
rpmbuild/RPMS/noarch/pete-1.0-1.el6.noarch.rpm:
[pete@linuxserver ~]$
To verify that we have a signed rpm file, use the “rpm –qpi” command as in the following example:
[pete@linuxserver ~]$ rpm -qpi rpmbuild/RPMS/noarch/pete-1.0-1.el6.noarch.rpm
Name : pete Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version : 1.0 Vendor:
Release : 1.el6 Build Date: Wed 29 Apr 2015 10:40:48 AM EDT
Install Date: (not installed) Build Host: linuxserver.vargasmas.com
Group : Testing Source RPM: pete-1.0-1.el6.src.rpm
Size : 494 License: GPL
Signature : RSA/SHA1, Wed 29 Apr 2015 11:37:27 AM EDT, Key ID 88d784e013b81880
Packager : Pete Vargas Mas
Summary : Pete Documentation
Description :
This is a test. We are trying to install a
sysadmin generated man page from a rpm file.
Just to prove we can.
[pete@linuxserver ~]$
Now you can install your custom RPM file using yum:
[pete@linuxserver ~]$ sudo yum localinstall /home/pete/rpmbuild/RPMS/noarch/pete-1.0-1.el6.noarch.rpm
Loaded plugins: downloadonly, rhnplugin, security
Setting up Local Package Process
Examining /home/pete/rpmbuild/RPMS/noarch/pete-1.0-1.el6.noarch.rpm: pete-1.0-1.el6.noarch
Marking /home/pete/rpmbuild/RPMS/noarch/pete-1.0-1.el6.noarch.rpm to be installed
rhel-x86_64-server-6 | 1.5 kB 00:00
rhel-x86_64-server-optional-6 | 1.5 kB 00:00
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pete.noarch 0:1.0-1.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=====================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=====================================================================================================================================
Installing:
pete noarch 1.0-1.el6 /pete-1.0-1.el6.noarch 494
Transaction Summary
=====================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)
Total size: 494
Installed size: 494
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : pete-1.0-1.el6.noarch 1/1
Verifying : pete-1.0-1.el6.noarch 1/1
Installed:
pete.noarch 0:1.0-1.el6
Complete!
[pete@linuxserver ~]$
If you want to distribute your rpm file to the public, you will need to sign your rpm with a gpg key that has been uploaded to a public keyserver (that’s a separate article!), or give the recipient a copy of your PUBLIC gpg key (the RPM-GPG-KEY-PeteVargasMas I created earlier) so they can verify the rpm file on their own.
Generate a random string from the Linux Command Line
You could use this command from the Linux command line prompt to generate a random 15-character string of letters and numbers:
/usr/bin/gpg --gen-random --armor 1 15 | sed 's/[^[:alnum:]]//g'
The sed statement removes all non-alphanumeric characters from the output generated by the gpg command.
This command comes in handy for generating random passwords for people you do not like.
/usr/bin/gpg --gen-random --armor 1 15 | sed 's/[^[:alnum:]]//g'
The sed statement removes all non-alphanumeric characters from the output generated by the gpg command.
This command comes in handy for generating random passwords for people you do not like.
Today in Geek History
On Saturday March 24 1984, five students report at 7:00am for all-day detention at Shermer High School, in Shermer Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. Say hello to "The Breakfast Club".
What Kind of Dungeons and Dragons Character Would You Be?
I Am A: Neutral Good Human Ranger (7th Level)
Ability Scores:
Strength-10
Dexterity-10
Constitution-12
Intelligence-14
Wisdom-13
Charisma-12
Alignment:
Neutral Good A neutral good character does the best that a good person can do. He is devoted to helping others. He works with kings and magistrates but does not feel beholden to them. Neutral good is the best alignment you can be because it means doing what is good without bias for or against order. However, neutral good can be a dangerous alignment when it advances mediocrity by limiting the actions of the truly capable.
Race:
Humans are the most adaptable of the common races. Short generations and a penchant for migration and conquest have made them physically diverse as well. Humans are often unorthodox in their dress, sporting unusual hairstyles, fanciful clothes, tattoos, and the like.
Class:
Rangers are skilled stalkers and hunters who make their home in the woods. Their martial skill is nearly the equal of the fighter, but they lack the latter's dedication to the craft of fighting. Instead, the ranger focuses his skills and training on a specific enemy a type of creature he bears a vengeful grudge against and hunts above all others. Rangers often accept the role of protector, aiding those who live in or travel through the woods. His skills allow him to move quietly and stick to the shadows, especially in natural settings, and he also has special knowledge of certain types of creatures. Finally, an experienced ranger has such a tie to nature that he can actually draw on natural power to cast divine spells, much as a druid does, and like a druid he is often accompanied by animal companions. A ranger's Wisdom score should be high, as this determines the maximum spell level that he can cast.
Find out What Kind of Dungeons and Dragons Character Would You Be?, courtesy of Easydamus (e-mail)
Ability Scores:
Strength-10
Dexterity-10
Constitution-12
Intelligence-14
Wisdom-13
Charisma-12
Alignment:
Neutral Good A neutral good character does the best that a good person can do. He is devoted to helping others. He works with kings and magistrates but does not feel beholden to them. Neutral good is the best alignment you can be because it means doing what is good without bias for or against order. However, neutral good can be a dangerous alignment when it advances mediocrity by limiting the actions of the truly capable.
Race:
Humans are the most adaptable of the common races. Short generations and a penchant for migration and conquest have made them physically diverse as well. Humans are often unorthodox in their dress, sporting unusual hairstyles, fanciful clothes, tattoos, and the like.
Class:
Rangers are skilled stalkers and hunters who make their home in the woods. Their martial skill is nearly the equal of the fighter, but they lack the latter's dedication to the craft of fighting. Instead, the ranger focuses his skills and training on a specific enemy a type of creature he bears a vengeful grudge against and hunts above all others. Rangers often accept the role of protector, aiding those who live in or travel through the woods. His skills allow him to move quietly and stick to the shadows, especially in natural settings, and he also has special knowledge of certain types of creatures. Finally, an experienced ranger has such a tie to nature that he can actually draw on natural power to cast divine spells, much as a druid does, and like a druid he is often accompanied by animal companions. A ranger's Wisdom score should be high, as this determines the maximum spell level that he can cast.
Find out What Kind of Dungeons and Dragons Character Would You Be?, courtesy of Easydamus (e-mail)
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